some years. All this is because the document is not addressed to some particular audience and because the author does not know many of the recipients (cf. 1:15; 3:2; 4:21). Ephesians seems to be addressed to a whole group of Christians in a particular area—namely Asia.8 We have no other such Pauline document. What of the apparent reference to Ephesus in 1:1? The words “in Ephesus” are absent from some of our most important early witnesses (P46, א*, B*, 424, 1739, Origen, and manuscripts mentioned
Page 218